North Carolina Cosmetic Arts Practice Exam

Which ingredient is commonly used to treat hyperpigmentation?

1. Salicylic acid

2. Hydroquinone

3. Retinol

4. Glycolic acid

The correct answer is: Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone is widely recognized as a powerful topical agent specifically designed for treating hyperpigmentation. It works by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is crucial in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. By reducing melanin production, hydroquinone helps to lighten dark spots, age spots, and other forms of hyperpigmentation, making it a go-to ingredient for individuals seeking to achieve a more even skin tone. In contrast, while salicylic acid is an effective treatment for acne and can help with some forms of discoloration due to its exfoliating properties, it does not specifically target hyperpigmentation. Retinol, a derivative of vitamin A, promotes cell turnover and can help improve skin texture and reduce wrinkles but is not the first choice for hyperpigmentation. Glycolic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, also helps with exfoliation and can improve skin appearance over time but does not have the same concentrated effect on melanin production that hydroquinone offers.