What is the purpose of using toner after cleansing the skin?

Using toner after cleansing the skin serves primarily to balance the skin's pH. When skin is cleansed, the natural pH can be disrupted, particularly if a strong cleanser is used. The ideal pH for skin is mildly acidic, around 4.5 to 5.5, which helps maintain the skin's natural barrier function and limits the growth of harmful bacteria. Toners are formulated to restore this balance, ensuring the skin is comfortable and healthy.

In addition to pH balancing, toners can also help prepare the skin for subsequent skincare products, enhancing their effectiveness. Some toners contain beneficial ingredients that can aid in refining pores, hydrating the skin, or even providing a refreshing sensation. While other options refer to adding color, moisturizing, or removing oil, these functions are not the primary role of toner post-cleansing.